Punjab

unjab, located in the north west of India, is one of the smallest and the most prosperous states of India. The five rivers Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum gave it its name 'punj-ab' or the 'land of five waters'. Punjab is primarily an agricultural state and enjoys the natural benefits of fertile soils and abundant waters.
The Punjabi language has its origins in the Indo-European family of languages, which also included Persian and Latin. A land of ethnic and religious diversity, it is the birthplace of Sikhism.
Enterprise and endeavor, these two words symbolize the essential spirit of the people of Punjab. Since Independence, over 5 decades, the state has earned its epithet: "Granary of India" through the enterprising spirit, and untiring toil of its people. Its average growth rate of 10% is amongst the highest in the country, clearly reflecting the progressive economy of the state. Punjab also boasts a 58% literacy rate and the highest per capita income in India.
Since the recent liberalization of India's economy, Punjab has started making its mark on the global business mainstream, with major players from around the world forming joint ventures in the field of agriculture business.
Privileged by nature and the dynamism of its people, Punjab is a land of rivers, fertile soils and steady achievement. With its inimitable style of transforming every potential opportunity into a success story, the state was the first to translate agricultural technology into the "green revolution", recording highest growth rate in food production. From a minor producer it emerged a major rice surplus state. Providing the impetus for the "White revolution", during Operation Flood, it was Punjab that recorded the highest per capita availability of milk.

General Information
Area: 50362 square kilometers (1.54 % of the country's total geographical area.)
LOCATION : Punjab is situated in the northwest of India; it is bordered by Pakistan on the west, the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Himachal Pradesh on its northeast and Haryana and Rajasthan to its south.
Geographical Co-ordinates
Latitude: 29'30'' N to 32'32'' N
Longitude: 73'55" E to 76'50" E
Population: 24.29 million
Density: 482 per sq. km.
Literacy: 69.95%
Capital: Chandigarh
Languages: Punjabi and Hindi.Many people are fluent in English and Urdu
Climate:
Average Annual Temperature:
January: 13° C (55° F), might drop to sub zero temperatures at nights
June: 34° C (93° F), might rise to 45° C (113° F) occasionally
Average Annual Rainfall:
Annual Mean Rainfall : 462.8 mm (2001)
Over 70% of annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon season i.e. from July to September.
Best Time To Visit: October To March

Access

Access: Punjab is easy to reach by road, rail or air. From Delhi, Chandigarh, the state capital is 246 km and Amritsar, the northernmost city of the state is 446 Kms.
By road: All districts and sub-divisional towns have direct bus services to the state capital, Chandigarh. All villages have bus services linking them with the sub-division and district headquarters towns. In addition, there are excellent deluxe bus services between New Delhi and Patiala, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar and Chandigarh. Air conditioned luxury buses ply at almost hourly intervals between New Delhi and Chandigarh. Taxi services between various towns and Chandigarh and to New Delhi are dependable and comfortable.
By Rail: Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Ferozepur and Jalandhar are on the main line and have excellent daily train services to New Delhi including convenient overnight trains. Super fast Shatabdi Express trains connect Delhi to Chandigarh (a comfortable three-hour trip) and Delhi to Amritsar via Ludhiana (equally comfortable and just a little less than six hours). The Shan-e-Punjab train links Amritsar and New Delhi, the Himalayan Queen links Chandigarh and New Delhi and there are numerous trains from Jammu / Amritsar, linking these towns as well as Ludhiana and Jalandhar with New Delhi
By Air: The state capital, Chandigarh has excellent air service, linking with New Delhi, Srinagar, Kullu and Shimla etc. Ludhiana and Amritsar also have daily air services to New Delhi. Amritsar airport is an international airport. By air, from Delhi one can reach any city in Punjab within two hours.

Amritsar

Amritsar - the holy city of Sikhs, has grown from a sacred village pond into a spiritual temporal centre of Sikh culture. The city gets its name from the pool-Amritsar (Pool of Nectar), which was constructed by the fourth religious preceptor of the Sikh faith. It also lies on the Asian Highway.

General Information
Climate: Max. Min. Summer 340C 150C Winter 180C 00C
Rainfall: 59.2 cm.
Clothing: Cotton in summer and Woollen in Winter.
Best Season: October to March.
STD Code: 0183.

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
Air: Amritsar is connected by air with Delhi and Srinagar.
Rail: Amritsar is connected by rail with Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay, Varanasi, Puri etc. There are twice-weekly runs by Lahore Express, the train to Pakistan.
Road: Amritsar is connected by bus with Ambala, Chandigarh, Delhi, Ferozepur, Jammu etc. Some of the road distances are as follows:- Jallandhar 180 km Ludhiana 100 km Pathankot 107 km Chandigarh 235 km Jammu 216 km Delhi 446 km Ferozepur 160 km Wagah 29 km. Local Transport: Cycle Rickshaws, Taxis, City buses.

PLACES OF INTEREST

Golden Temple
Akal Takht
Durgiana Temple
Jallianwala Bagh
Saragarhi Gurudwara
Tower of Baba Atal
Academy of Fine Arts
Central Museum
S.G.Thakur Singh Art Gallery.

EXCURSION
Gobindwal Sahib- 30 km
Taran Taaran- 22 km
Baba Bakala Gurudwara 45 km
Ram Tirath- 10 km
Preet Nagar- 20 km
Amanat Khan Sarai
Hari-ke-Patten- 38 km

TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE

Tourist Bureau, Government of Punjab,
Youth Hostel Complex, G. T. Road,
Amritsar,
Tel: 2231452

Tourist Information Center, Govt. of Punjab,
Kanishka Shopping Plaza,19 Ashok Road,
New Delhi.110001
Tel: 23343055

Indiatourism Office, 88- Janpath,
New Delhi. 110001,
Tel?: 23320008 / 23320005, Fax: 23320109
E-mail: goitodelhi@tourism.nic.in
Website: www.IncredibleIndia.org

Bathida

One of the smaller places in Punjab has a rich religious and cultural heritage. The history of the Bhatinda is associated with a number of religions. The historical monuments in the place are reminiscent of not only the Sikh culture but also that of Hindus and Muslims. It was in the jungles of Bhatinda that the 10th Guru, Shri Gobind Singh Ji fought the Mogul forces. The place has a number of Gurudwaras dating back to the times of the Mogul Emperor, Aurnagzeb.

PLACES OF VISIT
Qila Mubarak -- Built by Raja Binepal, a Rajput, Qila Mubarak is 1200 years old. This fort has been occupied by a number of rulers and invaders in the past. Some of the prominent ones among them were Mohammed Ghaznii, Mohammed Ghauri and Maharaja Ala Singh of Patiala. The 10th Sikh Shri Guru Gobind Singh ji also visited this Fort in 1705 and blessed the area with prosperity.

Gurudwara of Haji Rattan -- The Gurdwara stands to commemorate the legend of great the Hindu poet Rattan Chand who dared to go to Makka for Haj and was disowned by the society. He was blessed with salvation by Guru Nanak Dev Sahib, the first Sikh Guru. The Mazaar (tomb) of the poet is located near the Gurudwara of Hajii Rattan.

Takhat Damdama Sahib -- Also known as Talwandi Sabbo, this sacred shrine is located about 35 kilometers from Bathinda city. It is here that the holy book of Sikhs, Guru Granth Sahib Ji was written by Bhai Manni Singh Ji and recompiled by Guru Gobind Singh ji. The gurudwara also preserves certain antique objects like guns, stamps, swords, portraits, a Magic Mirror and blood stained dress of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. A matchbox sized Guru Granth Sahib is also kept here.

Mukatsar -- Mukatsar, the city of Gurudwaras is at a distance of 50 kilometers from Bathinda and is also known as 'Guru Ki Daab'. The place is the historical spot for the last battle fought by Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji, along with the 40 warriors who died fighting. Guruji then blessed them with 'Mukti' (Moksh) and that's how Mukatsar got its name.

Rose Garden -- The Rose Garden is a 10 acre garden, popular for the large varieties of roses that grow here. Located close to the city, it is a frequented picnic spot.

Chandigarh

Chandigarh was a created to fulfill the need of a permanent capital of Punjab and Haryana, although Shimla was a temporary headquarters in those times. Chandigarh, the capital of both Punjab and Haryana, is the first Indian city to have been designed and planned by a single architect - Le Cobusier. The city, a model of wide roads and spacious residential colonies, is an excellent base for specialized sightseeing. The white domed temple of Goddess Chandi Devi that stands on the slope of a hill, situated in the north-east of Chandigarh, on the edge of the Shivalik hills, is from where the city obtains its name Chandigarh. From here one can travel northwards to the hill resorts of Shimla, Kullu, Manali, Dharamshala and Dalhousie. Chandigarh is not only the most modern city in the country but has been planned to perfection by the world famous French architect le Cobusier.

General Information

Altitude: 304.8 to 365.78 meters
Climate:(deg C)- Summer- Max 37, Min 23,
Winter- Max 24, Min 5
Rainfall: 111.4 cms
Best Season: October to March

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
Air: Well connected with Delhi, Jammu, Srinagar and Leh.
Rail: Well connected with major towns.
Road: Chandigarh is well connected with roads from --
Amritsar- 240 km Kullu- 279 km
Dehradun- 230 km Bhakra- 116 km
Delhi- 248 km Kasauli- 77 km
Shimla- 117 km Jammu- 380 km

ARCHITECTURE OF CHANDIGARH
Chandigarh is a grand success story in the annals of modern architecture. It combines architectural elegance with wide tree lined avenues and green belts. In 1951 the world renowned Architect, Le Corbousier developed the city plan and designed the capital complex. The idea of vertical planning was ruled out and it was decided to build the city horizontally. The master plan divides the city into rectangular modules called sectors, each one measuring 800 meters X 1200 meters with a population varying from 5000 to 20,000. Each sector is provided with a shopping complex, school, health centre, places of recreation and places of worship. Chandigarh has 47 sectors except for sector number 13.

PLACES OF INTEREST

The Secretariat -- The Secretariat is the largest building in the Capitol Complex and is the headquarters of both the Punjab and Haryana governments. It is one of the Capitol buildings and houses all the ministries. The Secretariat and Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) buildings are in Sector 1.

Zakir Hussain Rose Garden -- Zakir Gulab Baag is Asia's largest Rose garden, spread out over 30 acres of land, in sector 16. Established in 1967, today around 50,000 Rose trees of 1600 different species bloom here. Apart from roses, the other trees planted have medicinal value and some unique specimen trees were planted to enhance the beauty of the garden. The garden is located next to the city centre.

Rock Garden -- The Rock Garden of Chandigarh has been created by putting together the fossils of ancient life forms found in the Shivalik hills and by recycled waste material. Its creator, Nek Chand, was an inspector in the engineering department. Rock fossils have been arranged into an open air sculpture exhibition. Some of the sculptures include a wall made out of discarded fluorescent tubes, an army of clay monkeys and broken chinaware soldiers and shapes of women made out of discarded glass bangles. The garden covers an area of 6 acres.

In summers, it is open from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm and again from 3:00 pm to 7:00 pm. From October to March it is open from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm. and 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm.

Sukhna Lake -- Another tourist attraction in Chandigarh is the Sukhna Lake spread over an area of 3 sq. km in sector 6. The waters of a seasonal rivulet that ran through the city were impounded to create the Sukhna Lake. Migratory birds arrive here from Siberia during the winter. A love for the lake draws many volunteers to desilt it just before the monsoon rains set in. While the lake promenade is a place for peace and tranquillity, the area just at the entrance has been developed for children to enjoy themselves.

Govt. Museum & Art Gallery & Punjab University Complex -- Located in sector 14, the parks and pools around the university building have enhanced the feel of the whole area. The Punjab University was founded in 1882 at Lahore. After partition and initial disLOCATION , the University shifted to Chandigarh in 1956. It is as famous for it's landscaping as for its architectural.

Leisure Valley -- During the monsoon, there runs a natural storm-water channel through the middle of the city, locally called a nullah. The nullah, along with the adjoining land has been converted into what is called the leisure valley. Starting from the foot of the hills to the west of the Capitol Complex, the leisure valley extends into sector 3 and crosses over into sector 10. The leisure valley is spread over 6 km and in accordance with the plan no vehicular traffic interrupts a pedestrian taking a walk in the park.

Pinjore Gardens- 25 km -- Located a short distance from Chandigarh, on the Pinjore-Kalka road is the Pinjore Yadvindra Gardens. This is a traditional Mogul style garden, created in the 17th century by Nawab Fidal Khan, architect to the Mogul emperor Aurangzeb. These gardens were developed along a slope with a central channel of water in which fountains were placed at regular intervals. On either side of the channel are spacious walkways with shady trees and a carpet of green grass. Pinjore Garden is a favorite picnic spot for the citizens of Chandigarh. It is open on all days and accommodation is available at Rang Mahal and Sheesh Mahal.

The Assembly & High Court

International Doll Museum
National Gallery of Portraits.

EXCURSIONS:

Bhima Devi Temple- 22 km
Chattbir Zoo- 22 km
Mansa Mandir / Chandi Mandir- 10 km
Bhakra Nangal- 116 km
Ponta Sahib- 135 km
Naina Devi- 110 km

Faridkot

History

Faridkot was the capital town of the erstwhile princely State of Faridkot. The city is named after the famous Muslim spiritual poet Baba Farid. Baba Farid, whose work has found a prominent place in the holy Guru Granth Sahib, was employed as a laborer when he first came to this place. But on seeing a divine revelation, Sheikh Farid was allowed to depart. The basket given to him to carry earth, was seen floating without any support.
In his honor the town was renamed as Faridkot. The town now has a tomb of baba Farid called 'Chila Baba Farid'.
Faridkot has many fine structures, the most important being the former Secretariat building now housing the District Courts, Guest House, Clock Tower, Darbar Ganj and the stadium. The town also houses former ruler's palace and a fort.
The town of Faridkot also figures prominently in the struggle for Indian independence

Jaito

Situated at a distance of 30 km from Faridkot, is a center of an annual fair which celebrates the victory that the Akali volunteers had won over the British in 1923 against government interference in Akhand Path. The peaceful agitation was a turning point India's freedom struggle. Pandit Nehru had courted arrest here.

Fatehgarh Sahib

LOCATION
GuFatehgarh Sahib, the great Tirtha (Centre of pilgrimage) of the Sikhs, is located about 50 kilometers to the north of Patiala on the Patiala- Rupnagar Road via Morinda.

Population and Area -- There are 454 Villages in the district, and the major towns are Bassi Pathana, Sirhind, Amloh, Gobindgarh, Khamano and Khera.

PLACES OF INTEREST

The main Gurudwara commemorates the martyrdom of the two tender Sahibzadas (sons), Zorawar Singh (9 years) and Fateh Singh (7 years) of the tenth Sikh Guru, Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji, who refused to give up their religion under threat from their captor, the Suba of Sirhind. They were suffocated to death in the dome of Mata Gujri-the grandmother of these martyrs who could not survive the shock of their martyrdom.

Gurudwara Jyoti Swarup -- Located nearby, it is the venue of the cremation ceremonies of brave Sikh martyrs. Jor Mela (a great fair) is held here in December every year.

Rauza Sharif of Sheikh Ahmed Farooqi, Mujadid Alif-saani at Sirhind -- This is a historic monument, which is acclaimed as a second Mecca by Suni Muslims. Thousands of Naqshbandi Muslims from Pakistan, Afghanistan Indonesia and all around India visit this place in or around August. The mausoleum contains tombs and cenotaphs and a mosque. The cenotaph of King Shah Zaman of Afghanistan is located here.

Aam Khas Bagh -- Aam Khas Bagh , was a highway inn used by royals as well as common people. It was initially built by the Mogul Emperor Babar and extended by Emperor Shahjehan. It is located close to Rauza Sharif. The royal part of the building has an enormous water storage tank, and a palace with beautiful wall paintings. Other attractions are hot-and-cold air conditioning facilities and fountains driven by a unique hydraulic system.

Sanghol -- Located at a distance of 40 km from Chandigarh on Ludhiana road, this village is situated on the top of a mound 24 meters high. Sanghol, spread over an area of 200 Sq. meters, is of great archaeological importance. A large number of relics from the late Harappan Civilisation (1700 B.C. to 1300 B.C.) to the 6th century A.D. onward are preserved in the museum here.

Ferozpur

LOCATION
Ferozpur is located on the Indo-Pakistan border. Well connected by road as well as rail with Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Delhi, Chandigarh and the rest of the country, the city is a center of number of holy shrines, historic places and memorials.

History
This ancient city is believed to have been founded by Ferozeshah Tughluq in the 14th century. Ferozeshah Tughluq , out of his passion for new cities, built many mosques, monasteries and colleges and renamed many of the old ones after his own name. As a true servant of God, he believed in providing public places to the elderly and the learned people, so that they could pray and worship in these holy places. Ferozepur witnessed many military expeditions, because of its strategic LOCATION in the northwest of the country.
Mudki, located 20 miles south-east of Ferozepur was the first battlefield for the battle between Lord Hardinge and the Sikhs. The first Anglo-Sikh war was fought in Ferozepur in 1845. It was because of the negligence of the British commander at Ferozepur, that the Khalsa was able to cross the river Sutlej unopposed. During the first Anglo-Afghan war, British troops advanced to Kabul from here in 1838.
The bank of river Sutlez in Ferozepur was the final resting place for three heroic martyrs of India's freedom struggle Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev, who were hanged for their deep patriotism and revolutionary activities against the British Government. On March 23, 1931, these three heroes were hanged in Lahore and were stealthily cremated in the dead of night near Ferozepur.
On March 23 every year thousands of people gather at Shaheed Bhagat Singh Memorial to pay homage to these noble heroes. Ferozepur has another historical memorial, the Saragarhi Gurudwara, commemorating the sacrifice of 21 Sikh soldiers who perished at Saragarhi in Baluchistan. On 12 September, every year, people gather here to pay tribute to the heroic soldiers and celebrate Saragarhi Day.

PLACES TO VISIT

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Memorial -- This is the cremation site for the patriotic freedom fighters: Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were cremated here.
Saragarhi Memorial Gurudwara -- A battle took place here in 1897, on the Samana Ridge of the Hindu Kush and Sulleiman Ranges, when 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikh (later 4th Sikhs) regiment had died fighting against the local tribal chiefs. The history of the battle is taught in French schools and forms part of the 8 narratives of collective bravery published by UNESCO. On 12th September every year, thousands of people gather here to pay homage to the martyrs.
Jain Swetamber Temple -- This ancient Temple built in 1890 A.D. has wall paintings which depict the ancient Jain culture and history. The main idol, believed to be one of the most sacred and ancient, was brought from Palitana Sidhgri in Gujarat. The temple also has brass idols, some of which date back to twelve hundred years.
Anglo-Sikh War Memorial Ferozeshah -- This memorial was set up in 1976 A.D. The portraits of important historical personalities and battle scenes have been portrayed here by artists, Jaswant Singh and Kirpal Singh along with some of the weapons.

Gurdaspur

LOCATION
Gurdaspur is a border district of the state and has important industrial centers like Batala and Dhariwal. While Batala is known for the manufacture of machine tools, woolen products from Dhariwal are known the world over.

PLACES OF INTEREST

Pathankot -- A great tourist transit centre, the place has a number of picnic spots nearby.It is an important city and serves as a link between Punjab and Jammu-Kashmir, Dalhousie, Chamba, Kangra and the deep Himalayas. Well connected by rail and road, it is situated in the picturesque foothills of Kangra and Dalhousie near river Chakki. It is surrounded by idyllic spots; Shahpur Kandi with a hanging rest house, Madhopur Head works which date back to the Mogul era, Malikpur where India's foremost hydraulic research station is located.

Dera Baba Nanak -- Dera Baba Nanak, a religious center, is situated 35 km west of Gurdaspur on the border of Pakistan. Guru Nanak Dev Sahib, the founder of Sikhism spent about 12 years of his later life at this place. Precious robes, which were presented to him when he visited Mecca, are preserved here. Thousands of pilgrims from all over the country visit this place on the eve of Maghi, in the second week of January every year. Gurudwara Tahli Sahib is situated in the close vicinity.

Kalanaur -- It houses the masonry platform, known as 'Takhat-i-Akbari, where the coronation ceremony of Akbar was performed. Akbar was proclaimed the Emperor of India here in 1556.

Akbari Masjid -- This was built to mark the occasion of coronation of Akbar and is situated near this historic site of coronation.

Sri Hargobindpur -- It is situated at a distance of 38 km to the south of Gurdaspur, the place was founded by the Guru Arjan Dev Sahib. Rohilia, situated close by, witnessed a fierce battle between Guru Hargobind and the Mogul armies led by Abdullah, the Faujdar of Jalandhar, in 1621. , a Gurudwara known as Damdama Sahib has been constructed at the site of Guru Sahib's rest during the battle.

Batala -- It is an ancient town with many temples and gurudwaras associated with the marriage of Guru Nanak Dev. It is also the seat of Christian Mission and the famous Christian Baring College. The town is renowned for the manufacture of Machine Tools.

Dhariwal -- It is known for one of India's leading Textile Mill, manufacturing world-renowned woollen cloth.

Qadian -- It is the main centre of Muslim fraternity called Ahmadiya, the name of its founder. Acclaimed as second Mecca, it houses the Ahmadiya mosque and a beautiful tomb of the founder. Ahmadiyas from all over the world gather here during the last week of the year.

Hoshiarpur

Hoshiapur is an ancient city of temples. Archaeological evidence takes its antiquity back to the stone age. It is a centre of Indo-Sanskrit studies and Brighushamita Astrology. It is an ancient manufacturing town of colourful lacquer finished with plastic inlay furniture(earlier it was ivory ). Sheesh Mahal in the centre of the city depicts the coronation of King George the V.

Jalandhar
LOCATION
Jalandhar is located at a distance of about 84 km from Amritsar on the Grand Trunk road to Calcutta. Known for its diverse industries like sports, steel and iron re-rolling mills, rubber goods, electric goods, automobile parts, and sewing machine factories and handloom products.
The City of Jalandhar aptly fits the description of an ancient city with a modern face. This presently industrialized town also retains its antiquity amidst high commercial activity. Jalandhar also produces world-class sports equipment. Some of our finest sports people also hail from Jalandhar.

TRIVIA
12 of India's greatest hockey players have come from a single village, Sansarpur, in Jalandhar district.
HISTORY
The city derives its name from a demon called Jalandhar who finds a mention in the Puranas. As per Historical evidence Jalandhar defined the northwestern boundary of Pushyamitra Sunga's kingdom in 185 B.C. The place also finds mention in accounts of King Harsha's reign during 606 A.D. Udita. During the 9th century, Jalandhar was a small but independent kingdom known as Trigarta. The city continued to flourish under the Moguls and a number of patriots born here played a key role in the freedom struggle. According to another legend, Jalandhar was the capital of the kingdom of Lav, son of Rama. Yet another version suggests that Jalandhar is said to have derived its name from the vernacular term 'Jalandhar' means area inside the water, i.e. tract between the two rivers Satluj and Beas.
ARCHITECTURE
Despite its industrial face, Jalandhar has many a historical monument. Among the prominent monuments is the Mausoleum of Iman Nasir and the fort at Phillaur that once served as Maharaja Ranjit Singh's line of defense against the British. Of religious prominence is the Shiv Mandir which dates back to the Lodhi era and the Gurudwara at Kartarpur.
The Gurudwara at Kartarpur is located about 16 km from Jalandhar town and was built by the Fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjun Dev Sahib in 1656. A fair is organized here every year to commemorate the Guru's birth anniversary. Kartarpur also happens to be the birthplace of Swami Virjanand who was the teacher of Swami Dayanand Saraswati, the illustrious founder of the Arya Samaj. A memorial called Guru Virjanand Smarak has been constructed in his memory. Kartarpur is also known for its grand furniture industry.
PLACES OF INTEREST


Shiv Mandir -- Situated in Gur Mandi, the Shiv Mandir was built by the Nawab of Sultanpur Lodhi, near Masjid imarn Nasar.


Catholic Cathedral -- This rare cathedral built by the representatives of His Holiness, the Pope, is the one of its kind in the East. Its cosmo-cultural design is a tribute to the Punjabi tradition.


Nurmahal -- Nurmahal is a small town around 13 km from Nakodar. The place is famous for Nurjehan's (the famous queen of Jehangir), Palace "Mogul Serai."


Khatkar Kalan -- The town of Khatkar Kalan is known for its "Memorial Museum" which was set up to commemorate the martyrdom of Shaheed Bhagat Singh. The museum was inaugurated on the 50th martyrdom anniversary of the great freedom fighter on March 23, 1981. The museum is situated at Khatkar Kalan, on Nawanshahar-Banga road in Jalandhar district, at a distance of 55 kilometers from Jalandhar.


Nakodar -- Nakodar is known for the 2 beautiful tombs that date back to the 17th Century. The tomb of Ustad (teacher) was built in the memory Mohmmad Momin Hussain, a musician in the service of Khan-e-Khana during the early reign of jehangir the other monument is the tomb of his pupil, Hazi Jamal. The town as it was during 1947 had a characteristic of its own. The town was divided into kots and bastis. It had 12 kots, 12 gates and 12 bastis. The Kots were predominantly Hindu areas and had gates while bastis were mostly Muslims. Only a few of these basties, Kots, and gates can be seen in the present time Jalandhar.


Monuments (Kots and Bastis) --Temple of Vrinda An ancient monument in the City, it was built in the honor of the, wife of Jalandhara, in the Kot Kishan Chand locality. It is now known as Tulsi Mandir. On one side of the temple is a tank which is said to have been the bathing place of the demon Jalandhara.


Temple of Gupha at some distance from the Temple of Vrinda is the temple of Gupha dedicated to Annapurna (goddess of food grains). Also located nearby are Brahm Kund and some temples dedicated to Shiva.


Gurudwara Chhevin Padshahi -- Guru Hargobind, the sixth Guru of Sikhs, visited the city of Jalandhar during his tour of Doaba area. It is here at the spot, where Guru Hargobind Singh was interviewed by a holy Musilm saint, Sheikh Darvesh, that the Gurdwara Chhevin Padshahi stands. The saint blindfolded his eyes so that he could swear before the Mogul authorities that he had not seen the Guru. The great Guru had an in depth discussion with the saint about spiritual matters.
Other religious places


There is Sheetla Mandir near the Balmiki gate, known to be as ancient as the City of Jalandhar. Within its premises are also two small old temples of Hanuman and Shiva. There is old Devi Talab which has now been renovated. A new temple ahs been built in its center. An old temple of goddess Kali also stands by the side of the Devi Talab.

Kapurthala
History & Architecture
Kapurthala, the capital town of an erstwhile princely state is situated towards the west of Jallandhar city at a distance of 19 kilometers.It has been named after its founder Nawab Kapur Singh. The place has an interesting history of maharajas, popular for their tastes in western fashion and trends. Among them, Maharaja Jagatjit Singh was regarded as one of the most enlightened Hindu princes of pre-independence times.
Thanks to him, Kapurthala has a significant architectural legacy. A great enthusiast of French architecture, he had a palace built for himself by the famous French architect M. Manteaux. With many other buildings and monuments associated with its Maharajas, Kapurthala sure has a lot to offer to a tourist.

INDUSTRIAL SIGNIFICANCE
Rail Coach Factory
The second Coach Factory owned by Indian Railways and third in the country was set up in 1986 at Kapurthala. The objective was to boost the state economy and to augment the existing coach manufacturing capacity of Indian Railways. With the vision and foresight of the late Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi, this first large scale public sector industrial enterprise was set up in 1985. The factory occupies an area of 335 acres at Hussainpur in Kapurthala district and contributes to more than 30% of the total passenger coaches produced in India, produing about 23 different types of coaches.
PLACES TO VISIT
Villa Buona Vista -- Located on the banks of rivulet Bein, a few miles from Kapurthala) was once the residence of the maharajas. It is now a frequented picnic spot and people come here for boating and fishing expeditions.
Sultanpur Lodhi (A town 30 km south of Kapurthala) - It has considerable religious importance as a place. Guru Nanak Dev, the first Sikh guru spent the former years of his life here. The place has a host of Gurudwaras among which Gurdwara Ber Sahib is the most prominent. It derives its name from a Ber tree under which Guru Nanak had meditated. Other historical buildings here include Mazaar Shah, Hujra Hajira and Serai, the oldest building in Sultanpur.
Phagwara -- Founded by Shah Jahan in 1804, it is one of the main markets for agriculture produce and textile products. It is also a flourishing market for ethnic clothes as a sizeable Punjabi population from here has immigrated abroad.
Sainik School -- The Sanik School is a magnificent piece of architecture that took 8 years to complete(1900-1908). This erstwhile palace of Maharaja Jagatjit Singhwas designed by the French architect M. Marcel. Inspired by the palaces of Versailles and Fontainebleau, it was built in renaissance style with the sunken park in the front (known as Baija). Its plaster of Paris figures and painted ceilings are the finest representations of French art and architecture. Also, the interior decoration of the palace, accomplished by expert European and Indian workmen is spectacular with imported art work from France, Italy and Holland.
Jagatjit Club -- The Jagatjit Club on the Mall is a typical Greco-Roman specimen of architecture resembling the Acropolis at Athens in Greece.
Moorish Mosque -- It Was built by His Highness Jagatjit Singh and designed by the famous French architect M. Manteaux. Patterned after the Qutbya Mosque in Morocco, it is a brilliant masterpiece of Moorish style architecture. The noteworthy feature of the monument is a large compound paved with pure Indian Marble. Its interiors have been designed by decorators from Lahore School of Art. The mosque took 4 years to compete and the construction cost came to about Rs 4,00,000,00. It was inaugurated by Nawab Sadiq Mohd. Khan Bahudar, Ruler of Bahawalpur State on March 14, 1930.
Kachari (Courts) -- Situated in the middle of the city, this historic building was built by Maharaja Fateh Singh. Its sprawling edifice in red bricks with striking domes and grills characterize east european structures. The doors and windows are Islamic in construction. A bronze statue of Maharaja Fateh Singh has been put up inside the premises of Courts. This historical monument today houses many government offices.
Shalimar Garden -- Shalimar Gardens is a breathtaking site of cenotaphs of the former rulers of Kapurthala. Some of these cenotaphs embellished with exquisite Filigree work are a visual treat. The gardens also locate "Baradari"-a historical building which was the meeting point of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Maharaja Fateh Singh. The entrance gate is splendid and the gardens have a pond, a park & a library. Every year, the Basant Panchi Mela is organized here.
State Gurudwara -- It is situated in the center of the city on Sultanpur road. It was built by Maharaja Jagatjit Singh under the in charge of Revail Singh.
Sadar Bazar -- Is the oldest and biggest market of the city where all the items of daily use are sold. In the past, it used to be a systematic market with identical buildings but today it hardly reflects the historic image.
Nihal Palace -- Built by His Highness Raja Nihal Singh in the year 1840, the palace stood for architectural elegance. A beautiful Shish Mahal formed part of the palace earlier. Now only the remains of the palace exist and are famous as Jallowkhana.
Mata Bhaderkali Temple, Sheikhupura -- Built in 1885 by Sh. Thakur Dass Mehra, the temple houses the idol of Mata Bhaderkali . Formerly a small temple, it has now become a major pilgrim place for lakhs of devotees. Every year a Mela is celebrated here for two days. On the first day a huge procession is taken out, starting from Shalimar Garden (Kapurthala) to the temple at Sheikhpura. A "Night Vigil" or Jagrata is held on the same night (Ekadasi night) and at the time of dawn next day (Nirjala Ekadasi), a "Havan" is performed. A kavi Darbar (poet's meet) is also organized on the "Ekadasi" night.
Kanjli Wetland -- In the serene vicinity of rivulet of Bein is located, the Kanjli Lake. It is a beautiful home of migratory birds in the winter. The place has the entire infrastructure for a great fishing and boating holiday for the tourists. The wetland extends over an area of about 50 acres and is a habitat for about 40 bird species. Kanjli was declared a wetland of national importance in 1992 for the rich biodiversity it supported.
Randhir College -- It is among Punjab's first education institutions and was set up in 1856 by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in Kapurthala. It started as a leading Sanskrit institute, to promote education in one of Punjab's richest state. In 1896 it achieved the status of an intermediate college and in 1945 it was made a degree college. From time to time, various disciplines have been introduced in the college curriculum. English was introduced in 1968, economics in 1976, B.Com. in 1986 and B.Sc. in 1991. The Jublee Hall is the main attraction of college along with its lush green ambience and a feel-good environment.

Ludhiana
LOCATION
One of the centrally located cities of Punjab, Ludhiana stands on the banks of river Sutlej. It borders Ropar and Fatehgarh Sahib and in the west, areas of Faridkot touch its boundaries. Towards the south lie the district of Sangrur and Patiala. Its topography is representative of an alluvial plain and divides the district into the flood plain of Sutlej and the Upland plain.

HISTORY
Ludhiana's history goes a back a long way to 1481 when it was just a small village called Meer Hota. Initially ruled by yodhas from the 1st to the 4th century, it subsequently came under King Samudragupta and the Rajputs .The original Ludhianavis actually settled here much later in the 9th century. And then came the Punjabi races of Sidhus, Gills, Sandhus and Grewals from the jungle of Jagraon.
In the early 19th century, it has been under the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1806) for a short period. During that time, it became an important British cantonment before the British took it over in 1809. They confined the Maharaja's control to the right bank of the River Sutlej and the British troops were permanently stationed in Ludhiana.
THE CITY
Primarily an industrial town, Ludhiana is the center of most commercial activity in Punjab. The prosperity of the place can be attributed to spirit of enterprise and business sense displayed by the people here. It is renowned world over for its hosiery goods which form a major part of exports to Canada and Russia. Other major items of exports are machine tools, motor parts, dyes, mopeds, cycle parts and sewing machines. Its satellite town Khanna is the biggest grain market in Asia.
However, the city of Ludhiana is not just about its commercial success alone. It also happens to be an important pilgrimage center with a number of Gurudwaras located within and around the place. Another important historical monument is the Fort of Lodhi which is about 500 years old and was built by the Muslim ruler Sikander Lodhi along the banks of River Sutlej.
On the education front, Ludhiana has some of the most prestigious institutions. There are two Medical Colleges, an Engineering College and the famous Punjab Agricultural University modelled on the "Land Grant of America". The university has played a key role in ushering the 'Green revolution' in Punjab.

Moga
Moga District was the 17th District to be drawn on the map of Punjab State in November 1995. Before this, Moga was the sub-division of Faridkot
Moga , is known for its memorials of the freedom fighters of India. Moga district was the birth place of Lala Lajpat Rai, the great freedom fighters. His native village Dhudhike falls in Moga district. Moga town the head quarter of the District is situated on Ferozpur-Ludhiana road.
Nestle, a multinational Company has set up facilities here to manufacture a large variety of food products.
Zira a nearby town located on the Ferozpur-Moga road, has a beautiful Jain
Shwetambar Temple with ancient wall paintings.

Muktsar
LOCATION
Located at a distance of 45km from Faridkot, it has many attractions including Sikh shrines and a number of Gurudwaras such as Rikab Ganj, Datan Sahib , Dukhbhajan Sahib etc. Most of these remind us of the incidents from the life of Guru Gobind Singh ji.

Muktsar is also known for the Maghi Festival and Punjabi Jutti.

PLACES TO VISIT


Gurudwara 'Tuti Gandhi Sahib' -- This Gurudwara was built in honor of 40 soldiers of Majha who died while fighting gallantly for him. These soldiers had deserted Guru Gobind Singh during the siege of Anandpur Sahib, but later rejoined the Guru's army after being looked down upon by their women . It is said that the Guru kissed all dead and the dying and absolved them. The daily prayers of the Sikhs contain references to this incident.


Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib -- Guru Gobind Singh ji used this place to shoot arrows at the enemies while fighting with Moguls. It was here that the Guru rested his weary limbs for a while.

Patiala
The erstwhile capital of one of India's richest princely states, Patiala is an ancient city with a modern face. Amidst modern institutions and buildings, concrete roads and gardens stand the magnificent forts and palaces dating back to the 18th century.The present day city can also be descried as commercial center for consumer goods.
HISTORY
The early history of the Patiala state is considered more of a myth than fact. Baba Ala Singh, a man with vision and courage assumed the leadership in 1714 and carved out an independent principality from a petty Zamindari of 30 villages. His successors were instrumental in the expansion of Patiala into a big state. The state's borders touched the Shivaliks in north, Rajasthan in the South and upper courses of the Jamuna and Sutlej.
The state of Patiala assumed prominence on the Indian map during the reign of Maharaja Bhupinder Singh (1900-1930). The rich architectural legacy of the place is to his credit only. Also his son facilitated the process of natural integration of the state by signing the instrument of accession.
PLACES TO VISIT


Rajpura, located midway between Patiala and Chandigarh. It is an old Mogul outpost with a dilapidated fort. It is an important town today. It has manufacturing units for cables, tyres and a whole range of agro-products.


Nabha-- It is renowned for its Old Palace that has now been converted into a Government College. The Royal Guest House and High Court Complex located here have also become parts of a public School. Hira Mahal, the residence of the ruling family preserves antique cars, and fascinating murals on the inside walls.


Qila Mubarak -- Built in 1764, by Maharaja Amar Singh, the fort has two portions. Qila Androon is the inner fort and Qila Mubarak, the outer. The gate of Qila Androon is done in lime plaster with geometrical and floral designs on it. Inside the fort are two painted chambers illustrating scenes from Hindu mythology and portraits of Sikh Gurus in Patiala style. Also a part of the fort is a museum of chandeliers and famous weapons.


Motibagh Palace -- It was the residence of former rulers of Patiala. Today, it accommodates the National institute of Sports. It also houses a museum of antique arts and the artifacts along with the world's greatest collection of medals.


Mogul Serai, Shambhu - It is located at about 11 km from Rajpura on Rajpura- Ambala G.T. Road. Built during the Mogul times, this inn has two majestic gates with a mosque in the center and 'bowli' (paved well). It is a protected monument.


Bahadurgarh Fort -- It stands to commemorate the visit of the 9th Sikh Guru, Shri Tegh Bahadur. It was constructed by Nawab Saif Khan in 1658 A.D. and rebuilt in 1837 A.D. by Maharaja Karam Singh. Located at 6 km from Patiala town on Patiala-Chandigarh road, the fort is enclosed by 2 circular ramparts, 110 feet apart with a moat, 58 feet wide.


Chattbir Zoo -- It On Chandigarh-Patiala highway is the Chattbir Zoo. The Zoo is the largest simulated natural habitat of the animals and birds in the northern India. Its major attractions are a deer park and a lion safari.


Ghuram -- It is a village in Patiala District and known to be the hometown of Mata Kaushalya. The place is replete with archaeological ruins.

Roopnagar
LOCATION
Formerly known as Ropar town, the district of Rupnagar is located at a distance of 42 km from Chandigarh, the state capital. The district is divided into 4 Tehsils: Rupnagar, Kharar, Anandpur Sahib and Mohali and 9 townsnamely Rupnagar, Kharar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur sahib, Kurali, Morinda, Nangal and Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali). The district adjoins the cities of Una in Himachal Pradesh, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana & Patiala.
History
Founded by Raja Rokeshar in the 11th century, Rupnagar got its name from the Raja's son Rup Sen. Archaeological findings suggest that the town dates back to the times of Indus Valley civilization. Historical objects like earthen wares, statues and coins have been recovered from the excavations at the site. These seem to belong to great kings like Chandra Gupta, Kushan, Hoon and also other Mogul rulers.
After the fall of Sirhind in 1763, S. Hari Singh ruled over Rupnagar. But the most famous ruler of Ropar state till date has been Raja Bhup Singh, who fought in the Anglo-Sikh war of 1945.
The place also happens to be site of the war waged by Guru Gobind Singh against the Moguls. It is here at a place called Sarsa Nangal that the great Guru parted with his family to move on to Chamkaur Sahib where his two elder sons achieved martyrdom in the war.
Another most important landmark historic event had been added to the history of the district, when in April 1999, 300th Birth of Khalsa was celebrated at Anandpur Sahib. Besides lakhs of people from all walks of life from all over of the world, heads, important religious, social, political and administrative personalities participated in the Tercentenary functions and paid obeisance at Gurudwara Takhat Shri Keshgarh Sahib. Historic City of Anandpur Sahib has been developed as tourist center.
Anandpur Sahib
The birthplace of Khalsa, Anandpur Sahib, is located on the left bank of the Sutlej river, 40 kilometers from Rupnagar town. The town was founded by Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru who purchased the land from the Raja of Bilaspur.
Guru Gobind Singh came to this town in 1674 when he was only eight years old and he spent about 25 years, the major part of his life in Anandpur Sahib. Gurudwara Keshgarh Sahib is the most important of the shrines as it is here that Khalsa was created by him in 1699 on the day of Baisakhi (13th April). Also, it is at this historical spot that the Kashmiri Pandits approached the 9th Guru, Shri Teg Bahadur to save them from oppression by the Moguls.
Other important Gurudwaras are Keshgarh Sahib, Manji Sahib, Sis Ganj Sahib, Bhora Sahib, Anandgarh Sahib and Gurudwara Mai Jito associated with the ninth and tenth Gurus of the Sikhs.
Nangal
Nangal is at a distance of 60 km from Rupnagar, situated at the feet of the Shiwalik Hills . With its natural landscape of hills, river and canals, Nangal is an important tourist attraction.
Divided into Nangal Township and Naya Nangal, the place gained importance with the construction of Bhakra Dam on Satluj river in November, 1955. The multi purpose Bhakra Project which includes (apart from Bhakra Dam), the Nangal Dam, Nangal Hydel Channel, Ganguwal and Kotla Power Houses has contributed majorly to the town's prosperity.
Holla Mohalla : The Great Festival
Hola Mohalla, is an important religious event celebrated every year at Anandpur Sahib on the day following the Holi Festival. A three day affair, the fair is attended by thousands of zealous Sikh devotees across the nation. On this occasion, Nihangs (Sikh warriors) clad in their traditional dress and weapons from all over the country carry out a huge procession, on the last day of the fair. The procession starts from opposite Gurudwara Anandgarh Sahib, and proceeds towards the fort of Holgarh, the place where Guru Gobind Singh used to celebrate this fair. Thereafter, the procession culminates at the sandy bed of Charan Ganga, where Nihangs demonstrate martial games including riding, tent pegging, sword wielding etc.

Sangrur

LOCATION
Situated at a distance of 80 km from Ludhiana and 48 km from Patiala, Sangrur is the capital of the erstwhile Jind State. The Palaces of the state fell to the share of Haryana. Some of the prominent structures here includeGovernment Civil Secretariat and Diwan or Assembly Hall of the erstwhile State.

Places to visit
Marble Baradari at Sangrur is a structure completely built in marble. Fully decorated with freely carved marble slabs, one gets a fabulous view of its reflections in the surrounding water, on moonlit nights.
Banasar garden and Diwankhana
Here rulers of Jind used to hold their darbars. A small museum here displays weapons and other articles used during princely times.
Malerkotla an ex-Afghan State of Punjab, is famous for handwork: badges, insignia, beautiful hand embroidered jutties (Indian shoes). It is also known for treatment of bones in Indian style.
Idgah Malerkotla, situated on the outskirts of the town, is a unique combination of architecture of different styles.

Sirhind

Sirhind, a small township on G.T. Road is a historical place. The city is a symbol of splendid architecture. The origin of the city probably dates back to the 10th century.

History
Predominantly a Mogul territory, Sirhind was given special attention by emperors like Akbar and Jahnagir. Ferozeshah Tughluq used Sirhind as his regional headquarters and built many edifices including the Ferozeshah Fort.

Places to visit
Aam Khas bagh , a famous garden built by Akbar and later developed by Jahangir and Shahjahan is a major attraction of Sirhind.
Rauza Sharif of Hazrat Mujadid-Alaf-Saani, Sheikh Ahmed Farooqi of Sirhind was a contemporary of Akbar and Jahangir. His mausoleum is regarded as the second Mecca by Sunni Muslims all over the world as the Sheikh is considered second to the prophet, Hazrat Mohammed. Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs gather here in large numbers for the annual Urs.